Ukusetyenziswa kunye nezilumkiso koomatshini bokudubula abaphambili
Umatshini wokudubula ongundoqo sesona sixhobo sisetyenziswayo kushishino lwangoku olukhawulezileyo nolukhulu{0}}lokuveliswa kweentsimbi zesanti. Ifumana isiseko sesanti esinemilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye namandla aphezulu ngokudubula isanti engundoqo ngesantya esiphezulu kwibhokisi engundoqo eshushu kwaye iyenze ibe lukhuni ngokukhawuleza.
Oku kulandelayo lucazululo oluneenkcukacha lwezicelo eziphambili zoomatshini bokudubula abangundoqo kunye nemigqaliselo ebalulekileyo.
I. Izicelo eziphambili zoomatshini bokudubula abaphambili
Umatshini wokudubula ongundoqo usetyenziswa ikakhulu kumbindi- wokwenza inkqubo (indlela yebhokisi engundoqo eshushu) esebenzisa isanti egqunyiweyo (isanti yentlaka). Iingqungquthela zesanti eziveliswa yiyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza imingxuma yangaphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi, imingxuma okanye izakhiwo zangaphandle ezintle zokuphosa.
1. Inkqubo esebenzayo
Inkqubo yebhokisi engundoqo eshushu: Esi sesona sixhobo siphambili kunye nesisisiseko soomatshini bokudubula abaphambili. Sebenzisa isanti egqunyiweyo (isanti yequartz enomaleko wephenolic okanye i-furan resin egqunywe phezu komhlaba). Ibhokisi engundoqo ifudunyezwa malunga ne-200 -280℃C. Phantsi kwempembelelo yobushushu, isanti egqunyiweyo efakwe isitofu iyanyibilika, inqamleze amakhonkco kwaye iqina phakathi kwamashumi emizuzwana, yenze undoqo wesanti owomeleleyo.
Inkqubo yebhokisi engundoqo: Umgaqo ufana, kodwa iqondo lokushisa lebhokisi elingundoqo liphantsi (malunga ne-150-180 degree), kunye ne-furan resin ekhethekileyo isetyenziswa. Isantya sokunyanga siyacotha kancinane, kodwa umgangatho wondoqo wesanti kunye nobuhlobo bendalo bungcono.
Inkqubo yebhokisi engundoqo ebandayo: Nangona kukho "isenzo sokudubula", idla ngokugqityezelwa ngumatshini wokudubula webhokisi. Ibangela ukuba intlaka iphole ngoko nangoko ngokuvuthela kwirhasi yeamine (triethylamine) emva kokuqhunyiswa kwesanti. Ubume besixhobo kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo zahluke kakhulu kwezo zomatshini wokudubula ongundoqo webhokisi.
2. Amashishini ezicelo kunye neemveliso zoomatshini bokudubula abaphambili
Imishini yokudubula engundoqo ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukuveliswa kweengqungquthela zesanti ngobuninzi, ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nezakhiwo ezinzima.
Ishishini lokwenziwa kweemoto
Injini: Ibhloko yesilinda, undoqo webhatyi yamanzi, isiseko se-oyile, isiseko se-crankcase. Le yeyona ndawo iphambili yokusetyenziswa koomatshini bokudubula abaphambili, abaneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuchaneka komda kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu wondoqo wesanti.
Ibhokisi yegiya: Umbindi wesanti wendlu kunye nevalvu.
Inkqubo yeBraking: Iicaliper zeBrake, ii-core disc cores.
I-hardware ye-plumbing kunye nokufakelwa kwemibhobho
Kukho imfuno enkulu yeentsimbi zesanti zomgodi ongaphakathi weevalvu ezahlukeneyo, ukufakwa kwemibhobho kunye neendawo zokuqhagamshela.
Oomatshini bokwakha kunye noomatshini bezolimo
Iintsimbi zesanti zamacandelo oxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic, imizimba yempompo kunye ne-casings.
Amanye amabala e-Foundry:
Nayiphi na intsimbi etyhidiweyo, intsimbi okanye i-aluminium alloy castings efuna i-cavities eyinkimbinkimbi yangaphakathi inokudityaniswa ngumatshini wokudubula ongundoqo.
3. Iinzuzo eziphambili
Ukusebenza okuphezulu: Ixesha elifutshane lokujikeleza (ngokuqhelekileyo i-20 ukuya kwimizuzwana ye-90), ekwazi ukuvelisa ngokuqhubekayo ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu womphezulu: Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwenaliti, umbindi wesanti eshinyeneyo, imilinganiselo echanekileyo, umphezulu ogudileyo, ngaloo ndlela ufezekisa ii-burrs ezimbalwa kumgodi ongaphakathi wokuphosa kunye nemilinganiselo echanekileyo.
Iqondo eliphezulu lokuzenzekela: Kulula ukufezekisa uqhagamshelo oluzenzekelayo lweenkqubo ezilandelayo ezifana nesampulu engundoqo, indibano engundoqo, idiphu yokugquma, kunye nokomisa.
Amandla okusebenza aphantsi kunye nemekobume ephuculweyo ngokwentelekiso: Xa kuthelekiswa nondoqo wezandla{0}}owenza ngokwesiko, unomgangatho ophezulu womatshini kunye nendawo ebiyelweyo.
Ii. Izilumkiso zoSetyenziso lwabadubuli abangundoqo
Ukusebenza komatshini wokudubula ongundoqo kubandakanya ukushisa okuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, iindawo ezihambayo kunye neegesi zekhemikhali. Kuyimfuneko ukulandela ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu, uzinzo lwezixhobo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.
(1) Ukhuseleko:
{0}}ukhuseleko lobushushu obuphezulu
Ibhokisi engundoqo, ipleyiti yokufudumeza kunye namacandelo ajikelezileyo kubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwama-200 degrees). Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuba naliphi na ilungu lomzimba okanye izinto ezinokutsha zidibane nazo. Isixhobo kufuneka sixhotyiswe ngeengcango ezikhuselayo zokugquma ubushushu kunye nezigqubuthelo.
Ngaphambi kokuvula umnyango wokukhusela ukugcinwa, ukucocwa okanye ukulungiswa, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukufudumeza kuvaliwe kwaye ulinde ixesha elaneleyo lokuba isikhunta sipholile.
Imiqobo yesanti eshushu esusiweyo kufuneka ibekwe kwiitreyi zokupholisa ezikhethekileyo okanye amabhanti okuhambisa ukuthintela ukugqabhuka nomlilo.
Umbane oPhezulu kunye noKhuseleko lweMechanical
Ngexesha lokuqhuma isanti, uxinzelelo kwitanki yokugcina igesi kunye nemibhobho iphezulu kakhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.4-0.7 MPa). Kunqatshelwe ngokungqongqo ukudibanisa amacandelo omoya okanye ukwenza ukugcinwa phantsi koxinzelelo.
Izenzo zomatshini wokudubula oyintloko njengokuvalwa kokungunda, ukuvulwa komngundo kunye ne-core ejection iqhutywa ngamandla oxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic okanye ipneumatic, enamandla kakhulu. Qinisekisa ukuba izandla zakho zihlala kude nendawo yokuvala isikhunta xa isixhobo siqala. Landela ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza zamaqhosha amabini-wokuqalisa ngesandla.
Gxininisa rhoqo inkqubo ye-hydraulic, iisilinda kunye nemibhobho ukuthintela ukuvuza kwe-oyile okanye ukugqabhuka kombhobho.
Ukhuseleko lombane
Ukumiselwa komatshini wokudubula ongundoqo kufuneka uthembeke. Ngaphambi kokuba ulungise inxalenye yombane, qiniseka ukuba unqamle umbane oyintloko kwaye uyitshixe ngomqondiso.
Inkqubo yokufudumala inamandla amakhulu, kwaye iisekethe kunye namacandelo axhomekeke ekugugeni, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuhlolwa rhoqo.
Ukhuseleko lwekhemikhali nothuli (ingakumbi iibhokisi ezibandayo ezingundoqo) :
Ibhokisi engundoqo eshushu: Xa isanti egqunyiweyo ishushu, iya kuvelisa umsi omncinci oqulethe i-phenol kunye ne-aldehyde. Kufuneka kubekho ukuqokelela uthuli olunamandla kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha ngaphezu kwezixhobo zokukhokela igesi yenkunkuma ngaphandle okanye kwisixhobo sonyango.
Ibhokisi engundoqo ebandayo: I-catalyst esetyenzisiweyo (efana ne-triethylamine) iyityhefu, inokutsha kwaye iyaqhuma. Isixhobo kufuneka sibe nokutywinwa okugqwesileyo kwaye sixhotyiswe nge-exhaust gas scrubber (isixhobo sokungathathi hlangothi). Iialamu zokuvuza kwegesi kufuneka zifakwe kwindawo yokusebenza.
Undoqo-ummandla wokwenza kufuneka ube-ungena umoya kwaye abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe iimaski ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko.
(2) Izilumkiso zokusebenza kunye nenkqubo yomatshini wokudubula ongundoqo
Ukulungiswa nokugcinwa kokungunda (ibhokisi engundoqo):
Ukufudumeza: Imingundo emitsha okanye ezo bezikade zingasetyenziswa ixesha elide kufuneka zifudunyezwe ngokucothayo nangokucokisekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo kangangeeyure eziliqela) ukuthintela ukonakala okanye ukuqhekeka okubangelwa kukunyuka kobushushu ngesiquphe.
Ukucoca kunye nokutshizwa kwe-ejenti yokukhululwa kwe-mold: Emva komjikelo ngamnye, isanti eshiyekileyo kwindawo yokwahlula kwibhokisi engundoqo kunye nomlomo kufuneka icocwe ngompu womoya. Rhoqo kwaye ngokulinganayo ukutshiza ii-agent zokukhulula i-mold (ezifana ne-emulsion yeoli ye-silicone) ukuthintela ukubola kwesikhunta, kodwa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kuya kuchaphazela umgangatho ophezulu kunye nobukhulu besiseko sesanti.
Ukugcinwa rhoqo: Jonga ukuba intonga ephezulu, isilayidi kunye nekholamu yesikhokelo zigugile okanye zixingile, kwaye uzithambise kwangethuba. Gcina iplagi yokukhupha ingasebenzi.
Ukuphuculwa kweeparameters zenkqubo ye-sandblasting kumatshini wokubumba ongundoqo
Uxinzelelo lwe-Sandblasting kunye nexesha: Uxinzelelo olungonelanga lunokubangela ukukhululeka kweentsimbi zesanti kunye namandla angonelanga. Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunokonakalisa ukungunda okanye lubangele "ukugijima kwesanti" (ukukhupha isanti ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlukana). Ixabiso elifanelekileyo lifuna ukufunyanwa ngokusekelwe kwimilo kunye nobunzima besiseko sesanti.
Ixesha lokunyanga kunye nobushushu: Zombini iqondo lokushisa kunye nexesha ngokudibeneyo limisela iqondo lokunyanga. Ixesha lifutshane kakhulu, ingundoqo yesanti "i-underbaked", kwaye amandla ayo aphantsi. Ukuba ixesha lide kakhulu, ingundoqo yesanti iya kutshiswa, ubuso bayo buya kuba mnyama kwaye bube bunzima, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuya kuncitshiswa. Eyona festile yenkqubo idinga ukumiselwa ngemifuniselo.
Ulawulo lwempahla ekrwada
Umgangatho wesanti egqunyiweyo: Ubungakanani bamasuntswana, isiqulatho sentlaka, ulwelo kunye nendawo yokunyibilika kwesanti kufuneka izinzile kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno. Isanti ethe yafuma kwaye inezigaqa mayingaze isetyenziswe.
Ubushushu besanti: Kucetyiswa ukuba ufudumeze intlabathi egqunyiweyo ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa (njengokufikela kwi-25-40 degree), enokuphucula kakhulu ulwelo kunye nokufana kokunyanga.
(3) Ukugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa koomatshini bokubumba abadubulayo
Ukuhlolwa kwemihla ngemihla: Jonga uxinzelelo lomthombo womoya, inqanaba le-oyile, ukuba ngaba kukho ingxolo engaqhelekanga evela kwiindawo ezihambayo, ukuba iibholiti zikhululekile na, nokuba izixhobo zokhuseleko ziyasebenza na.
Ukugcinwa rhoqo
Ukutshintshwa kwetywina: Iiringi zokutywina zevalve yesitofu sesanti kunye nesilinda ngasinye ngamalungu asengozini kwaye kufuneka atshintshwe njengoko kucwangcisiwe ukuthintela ukuvuza komoya kunye ne-oyile.
Ukucoca kunye nokuthambisa: Coca ngokucokisekileyo isanti eqokelelweyo ngaphakathi kwesixhobo kwaye usebenzise igrisi yokuthambisa kwiindawo ezihambayo ezifana neereyili zesikhokelo, izikrufu zokukhokela, kunye neebheringi ngokwemigaqo.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo yombane: Qinisa iibhloko ze-terminal kwaye ujonge ubume be-relays, abafowunelwa kunye nezixhobo zokulawula ubushushu.
Ukugcinwa kwentloko yenaliti yesanti: Umbhobho wenaliti yesanti uthande ukunxitywa kwaye uncamathele kwisanti, ngoko ke kufuneka ucocwe, uhlolwe kwaye utshintshwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuguda komjelo wenaliti yesanti.
Isishwankathelo
Oomatshini bokubumba abaphambili bokudubula zizixhobo ezinamandla zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wokuphosa imveliso engundoqo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kobuchule babo obuphezulu kukho iimfuno ezingqongqo zokusebenza kunye neengozi ezinokubakho.
Amanqaku esicelo angundoqo: Yenzelwe ngokukodwa inkqubo yebhokisi eshushu eshushu yesanti egqunyiweyo, ilungele ukwenziwa kweecores zesanti ezintsonkothileyo ngobuninzi kwaye zichaneke kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphezulu{0}}ezifana neenjini zeemoto.
Amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka aqatshelwe: "Ukhuseleko" kufuneka lunikwe ingqwalaselo ephambili. Thintela ngokungqongqo-ukutsha kobushushu, ukutshizwa koomatshini,{2}}umonzakalo ophezulu woxinzelelo kunye neengozi zekhemikhali. Okwesibini, umgangatho kunye nokuzinza kombindi wesanti uqinisekiswa ngokulondolozwa kwemold enononophelo, ukulungiswa kweeparamitha zenkqubo kunye nokulawulwa kwezinto ezikrwada. Okokugqibela, ukuphumeza isicwangciso sogcino esingqongqo singundoqo ekuqinisekiseni{5}}ixesha elide elithembekileyo ukusebenza kwesixhobo kunye nokuphepha ixesha lokuphumla elingacwangciswanga.